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COVID-19 Vaccine

Show All Answers

1. How do we know the COVID-19 vaccines are safe?

The COVID-19 vaccines were evaluated in tens of thousands of participants in clinical trials and met the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) rigorous scientific standards for safety, effectiveness, and manufacturing quality needed to support emergency use authorization (EUA). Before they because available in Washington, they were also reviewed by the Centers for Disease Control’s (CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and the western states Safety Review Workgroup. Both groups voted to recommend the vaccines for immediate use. The FDA and CDC also continue to closely monitor the safety of the COVID-19 vaccines to identify any adverse events related to the vaccines. 

Read more about the safety and effectiveness of the vaccines here. 

2. Who can get a COVID-19 vaccine?

The vaccine is widely available to anyone 12 and older. People ages 12 and over can get the Pfizer vaccine while people 18 and older can get the Moderna or Johnson & Johnson vaccines.

3. What are the side effects?

Common side effects include sore arm, tiredness, headache, muscle pain, chills, fever, and nausea. Side effects are normal signs that your body is building protection and should go away in a few days. For some people, side effects after the second dose may be more intense than the ones they experience after the first dose. Some people may have no side effects at all.

Find helpful tips to relieve side effects here.

4. Do I need to pay for the vaccine?

No, the COVID-19 vaccines are available for everyone at no cost regardless of insurance or immigration status.

5. What if I received a bill from my provider for the COVID-19 vaccine?

If other services are performed along with the administration of the vaccine, it may be billed as an office visit. Seek clarification from your provider beforehand and from your insurance company if you are charged an office visit fee. If this doesn’t address the issue, you can also file a complaint with the Office of the Insurance Commissioner. If you do not have health insurance, remember that providers are not allowed to charge you for the vaccine and therefore may be violating the requirements of the COVID-19 vaccine program. Please email covid.vaccine@doh.wa.gov.

6. How many doses do I need to get?

The number of doses needed depends on which vaccine you receive. To get the most protection:

• Two Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine doses should be given 3 weeks (21 days) apart.
• Two Moderna vaccine doses should be given 1 month (28 days) apart.
• Johnson & Johnsons Jansen (J&J/Janssen) COVID-19 vaccine requires only one dose.

If you receive a vaccine that requires two doses, you should get your second shot as close to the recommended interval as possible. However, your second dose may be given up to 6 weeks (42 days) after the first dose, if necessary.. You should not get the second dose earlier than the recommended interval.

7. If I have already had COVID-19 and recovered, do I still need to get vaccinated with a COVID-19 vaccine?

Yes, you should be vaccinated regardless of whether you already had COVID-19. That’s because experts do not yet know how long you are protected from getting sick again after recovering from COVID-19. Even if you have already recovered from COVID-19, it is possible—although rare—that you could be infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 again. Studies have shown that vaccination provides a strong boost in protection in people who have recovered from COVID-19. Learn more about why getting vaccinated is a safer way to build protection than getting infected.

8. How does the COVID-19 vaccine work?

The COVID-19 vaccine teaches your immune system to recognize the coronavirus. When you get the vaccine, your immune system makes antibodies (“fighter cells”) that stay in your blood and protect you in case you are infected with the virus. You get protection against the disease without having to get sick.

When enough people in the community can fight off the coronavirus, it has nowhere to go. This means we can stop the spread quicker and get a little closer to ending this pandemic.

Watch this video on how vaccines work in your body.

9. When am I considered fully vaccinated against COVID-19?

You are considered fully vaccinated:

• 2 weeks after your second dose in a 2-dose series, such as the Pfizer or Moderna Vaccines, or
• 2 weeks after a single-dose vaccine, such as the Johnson & Johnson vaccine

If you do not meet these requirements, you are NOT fully vaccinated.  Keep taking precautions to protect yourself and others until you are fully vaccinated.

10. Do I need to wear a mask and avoid close contact with others if I'm vaccinated against COVID-19?

No. Fully vaccinated people can resume activities without wearing a mask or physically distancing, except where required by federal, state, local, tribal, or territorial laws, rules, and regulations, including local business and workplace guidance. If you are fully vaccinated, you can resume activities that you did before the pandemic. 

Additional recommendations can be found at Life After Vaccine.

11. What is a vaccination record card?

You should receive a paper vaccination record card when you get your first dose of COVID-19 vaccine. This card will tell you which type of vaccine you got (Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, or Johnson & Johnson) and the date you received it.

If you got the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccine, the card will tell you when to go back for your second dose. Keep this card with you so your vaccine provider can complete it after your second dose.

If you lose your record card, log in to MyIR (“My Immunization Registry”) to look up your COVID-19 vaccination record, and then take a screenshot or photo of the information. If you do not have an account, you can sign up for MyIR any time. 

12. Can employers require employees to be vaccinated?

Yes. Employers can require that their workers be vaccinated. Employers may confirm that workers are fully vaccinated by:

• Having workers sign a document — electronically or on paper — confirming their vaccination status.
• Asking workers to show proof of vaccination. Proof can be a vaccine record card, a photo of a vaccine record card, documentation from a health care provider, or a certificate of vaccination. Check out this fact sheet and blog about vaccination cards to learn more.

13. If I have an underlying health condition, can I get a COVID-19 vaccine?

People with underlying medical conditions can receive a COVID-19 vaccine as long as they have not had an immediate or severe allergic reaction to a COVID-19 vaccine or to any of the ingredients in the vaccine. Learn more about vaccination considerations for people with underlying medical conditions. Vaccination is an important consideration for adults of any age with certain underlying medical conditions because they are at increased risk for severe illness from COVID-19.

14. Can I get the COVID-19 vaccine if I've had an allergic reaction to a vaccine in the past?

The vaccine should not be given to people with a known history of severe allergic reaction, such as anaphylaxis, to a previous dose of an mRNA or viral vector vaccine, or to any ingredient of the Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, or Johnson & Johnson–Janssen COVID-19 vaccines.

People who have had a severe allergic reaction to other vaccines or injectable therapies may still be able to receive the vaccine. However, providers should do a risk assessment and counsel them about potential risks. If the patient decides to get the vaccine, the provider should observe them for 30 minutes to monitor for any immediate reactions.

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends that providers observe all other patients for at least 15 minutes after receiving the vaccine to monitor for an allergic reaction.

15. Can I get COVID-19 vaccine if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?

You may choose to get the COVID-19 vaccine if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.  If you are pregnant and have COVID-19, you are at increased risk for severe illness. We recommend talking with your healthcare provider to make the decision.  Learn more about vaccination considerations for people who are pregnant or breastfeeding.

16. Do we know if the vaccine is equally safe for all racial ethnic groups?

Yes, studies show the vaccines are equally safe for all racial and ethnic groups. The clinical trials intentionally recruited participants reflective of the U.S. population to assess safety and effectiveness across age, gender, and racial/ethnic groups.

17. Where can I report side effects after getting the COVID-19 vaccine?

You can download V-safe onto your smartphone to report any side effects to the CDC. Depending on the information you submit to this tool, someone from CDC may call to check on you and get more information. V-safe will also remind you to get your second COVID-19 vaccine dose if you need one. You can also report adverse events after vaccination to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS).

18. What is VAERS?

VAERS is the nation’s early warning system that monitors the safety of vaccines after they are authorized or licensed for use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). VAERS is part of the larger vaccine safety system in the United States that helps make sure vaccines are safe. The system is co-managed by CDC and FDA. 

VAERS accepts and analyzes reports of possible health problems—also called “adverse events”—after vaccination. As an early warning system, VAERS cannot prove that a vaccine caused a problem. Specifically, a report to VAERS does not mean that a vaccine caused an adverse event. But VAERS can give CDC and FDA important information. If it looks as though a vaccine might be causing a problem, FDA and CDC will investigate further and take action if needed. 

Anyone can submit a report to VAERS — healthcare professionals, vaccine manufacturers, and the general public. VAERS welcomes all reports, regardless of seriousness, and regardless of how likely the vaccine may have been to have caused the adverse event.

19. Are the COVID-19 vaccines effective against new variants??

Current data suggest that COVID-19 vaccines authorized for use in the United States offer protection against most variants currently spreading in the United States. However, some variants might cause illness in some people even after they are fully vaccinated. Evidence is limited on how the new COVID-19 variants will affect how COVID-19 vaccines work in real-world conditions. CDC will continue to monitor how vaccines are working to see if variants have any impact on how well COVID-19 vaccines work in real-world conditions.

20. Where can I get the vaccine?

There are several opportunities to get vaccinated in Yakima County. You can find locations on the Yakima Health District's COVID-19 Vaccine webpage.

21. Will k-12 schools require the vaccine for in-person learning?

The State Board of Health, not the Department of Health, has the authority to create immunization requirements for children in K-12 schools (RCW 28A.210.140). The Board has stated that at this time they are not considering adding COVID-19 vaccine to the list of required K-12 immunizations. However, older students preparing to go to college in the fall should check with their higher education institution for COVID-19 vaccine requirements as these institutions have authority to make their own immunization requirements.